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我国水稻田杂草抗药性研究进展

时间:2022-10-22 12:15:05 来源:网友投稿

摘要

水稻是我国最主要的粮食作物之一,杂草的危害严重影响了水稻的产量与品质。化学防除仍然是治理水稻田杂草最有效的途径。目前我国水稻田稗属杂草、千金子、马唐、雨久花、野慈姑、异型莎草、耳叶水苋、眼子菜、节节菜、萤蔺等多种杂草对二氯喹啉酸、五氟磺草胺、氰氟草酯、噁唑酰草胺、苄嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、双草醚、噁草酮、乙氧氟草醚等多种常用除草剂产生了抗药性。面对日趋严重的水稻田抗药性杂草的危害,对抗药性杂草进行深入系统的研究以达到科学防治的目的显得尤为重要。本文总结了我国水稻田抗药性杂草的抗药性水平、靶标酶抗药性机理、代谢酶抗药性机理和其他抗药性机理,归纳了抗药性杂草的交互抗性、多抗性发生情况以及抗药性治理现状,分析了我们在杂草抗药性研究与治理方面面临的问题。

关键词

水稻; 杂草; 抗药性水平; 抗药性机理; 抗性治理

中图分类号:

S 451.21

文献标识码: A

DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2018250

Research progress on the herbicide-resistance of weeds in rice fields in China

DONG Liyao, GAO Yuan, FANG Jiapeng, CHEN Guoqi

(College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of

Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China)

Abstract

Rice is one of the most important cereal crops in China. Weed occurrence in rice fields causes serious threats on the production and quality of rice. Currently, chemical herbicides are the main resources for weed control in rice fields. To date, more than ten weed species in rice fields in China, including Echinochloa phyllopogon, E.crusgalli var. crusgalli,E.crusgalli var. zelayensis, E.glabrescens, Leptochloa chinensis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Monochoria korsakowii, Sagittaria trifolia, Cyperus difformis, Ammannia auriculata, Potamogeton distinctus, Rotala indica and Schoenoplectus juncoides, have evolved resistance to various herbicides such as quinclorac, penoxsulam, cyhalofop-butyl, metamifop, bensulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, bispyribac-sodium, oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen. On the background of increasing serious threats caused by herbicide-resistant weeds, in-depth and systematic researches on this topic are urgently needed. Here we summarized the resistant factors, target-site mechanisms, metabolic mechanisms and other kinds of non-target-site mechanisms in herbicide-resistant weed species. We also reviewed patterns of cross-resistance and multiple-resistance, as well as the status of management in herbicide-resistant weeds. At the end, we analyzed problems in the researches and management of herbicide resistance in China.

Key words

rice; weed; resistance level; resistance mechanism; resistance management

水稻是我國三大主粮作物之一,我国有 65% 以上的人口主食大米[1]。我国是水稻种植大国,种植面积达2 996.2万hm 稻米产量2.1亿t,约占我国粮食总产量的33.6%[2-5]。杂草是影响水稻产量和品质的重要因素[6-7]。据统计,我国每年因杂草危害造成的水稻产量损失约1 000万t,平均损失率在15%左右,发生严重时甚至减产50%以上[4, 7-8]。

我国水稻田杂草种类较多,比较普遍发生的大约有24科60多种,在不同的栽培方式下,杂草种类差异较大。以长江中下游地区为例,水直播稻田优势杂草种群主要有稗属杂草Echinochloa spp.、千金子Leptochloa chinensis、节节菜Rotala indica、鳢肠Eclipta prostrata、鸭舌草Monochoria vaginalis、异型莎草Cyperus difformis、丁香蓼Ludwigia epilobiloides等[9];旱直播稻田优势杂草种群主要有稗属杂草、杂草稻Oryza sativa、千金子、马唐Digitaria sanguinalis、狗尾草Setaria viridis、异型莎草、扁秆藨草Schoenoplectus planiculmis、野荸荠Heleocharis plantagineiformis、牛毛毡Heleocharis yokoscensis、水莎草Juncellus serotinus、鳢肠、眼子菜Potamogeton distinctus、矮慈姑Sagittaria pygmaea、空心莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides、鸭舌草、水竹叶Murdannia triquetra等[9];移栽稻田(含机插秧稻田)优势杂草种群主要有稗属杂草、陌上菜Lindernia procumbens、矮慈姑、鸭舌草、节节菜Rotala indica、千金子、异型莎草、空心莲子草、鳢肠、水苋菜Ammannia baccifera、扁秆藨草、马唐、眼子菜等[10]。

推荐访问:水稻田 抗药性 研究进展 杂草 我国

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